Overview

Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted veins that usually appear on the legs and feet due to increased pressure in the veins. They are often blue or dark purple and may become swollen, causing discomfort, pain, or itching. Though commonly a cosmetic concern, severe cases can lead to complications like skin ulcers or blood clots.

Causes

Varicose veins are caused by weakened or damaged vein valves, which disrupt blood flow and cause blood to pool, leading to vein enlargement. Common risk factors include:

• Genetics: A family history of varicose veins increases susceptibility.
• Age: Aging can weaken vein walls and valves.
• Gender: Hormonal changes in women, particularly during pregnancy, menopause, or from birth control, increase risk.
• Lifestyle: Prolonged standing, obesity, or lack of physical activity also contribute.

Treatment

Treatment aims to relieve symptoms and improve vein appearance. Options include:

• Lifestyle Changes: Regular exercise, weight management, and avoiding prolonged standing can reduce symptoms.
• Compression Stockings: These improve circulation, relieving pain and preventing further vein enlargement.
• Minimally Invasive Procedures: Sclerotherapy (injecting a solution into veins), laser treatments, and radiofrequency ablation target damaged veins for closure.
• Surgery: In severe cases, vein stripping or ligation (tying off and removing the vein) may be recommended.

With proper treatment and lifestyle adjustments, most individuals can manage varicose veins effectively.