Overview

A ganglion cyst is a noncancerous lump that typically forms along the tendons or joints of the wrists or hands, though they can also appear on the ankles or feet. These cysts are filled with a jelly-like fluid and can vary in size, sometimes growing larger with increased joint activity. While often painless, they can cause discomfort or interfere with joint movement if they press on nearby nerves.

Causes

• Joint or tendon irritation
• Repetitive stress on joints
• Previous injury to the joint or tendon
• Underlying joint or tendon disease
• Heredity
• Arthritis
• Degeneration of joint tissues
• Osteoarthritis
• Synovial fluid leakage
• Regular overuse of the wrist or hand

Treatment

Treatment for a ganglion cyst can range from conservative to surgical approaches. Conservative treatments include monitoring the cyst if it's asymptomatic, wearing a splint to reduce movement and alleviate symptoms, or using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to manage pain. If the cyst causes significant discomfort or restricts movement, aspiration (draining the fluid) may be recommended, though cysts often recur. Surgical removal is an option if the cyst is persistent or particularly bothersome, which involves excising the cyst and the stalk that connects it to the joint or tendon sheath to reduce the likelihood of recurrence.