Overview

A fissure in ano, commonly known as an anal fissure, is a small tear or cut in the lining of the anal canal. It often causes pain and bleeding during or after bowel movements. The condition can be acute or chronic, depending on the duration and recurrence of symptoms.

Anal fissures are typically caused by trauma to the anal canal, often due to passing hard or large stools, prolonged diarrhea, or chronic constipation. Other factors that can contribute include childbirth, inflammatory conditions like Crohn's disease, and anal sex.

Treatment for an anal fissure aims to relieve symptoms and promote healing. Initial management includes increasing fiber intake, drinking plenty of fluids, and using stool softeners to prevent constipation. Topical treatments, such as nitroglycerin or calcium channel blockers, can help reduce pain and increase blood flow to the area. In persistent or chronic cases, surgical options like lateral internal sphincterotomy may be considered to alleviate pressure and promote healing.