Overview

A pilonidal cyst is a fluid-filled sac that usually forms near the tailbone at the top of the buttocks crease. It can become infected, leading to the formation of a painful abscess. These cysts often contain hair, dirt, and debris, which can trigger an inflammatory response. Pilonidal cysts are most common in young adults, especially those who sit for long periods or have coarse body hair.

Causes

The exact cause of pilonidal cysts isn't fully understood, but they are believed to develop when loose hairs penetrate the skin. The body treats these hairs as foreign objects, leading to the formation of a cyst around them. Risk factors include prolonged sitting, excessive hair, obesity, and friction from clothing. Infections can occur when bacteria enter the cyst, causing swelling, redness, and pain.

Treatments

Treatment options for pilonidal cysts vary depending on the severity. In mild cases, antibiotics may be prescribed to treat infections. However, more severe or recurring cases often require surgical intervention to drain the cyst or remove it entirely. Minimally invasive procedures, such as laser therapy or phenol injections, may also be used to prevent recurrence. Maintaining good hygiene, keeping the area clean and dry, and removing excess hair can help prevent the development or recurrence of pilonidal cysts.