Overview

Phimosis is a condition where the foreskin of the penis cannot be fully retracted over the glans (head) of the penis. It is common in young boys and often resolves naturally by adolescence. In adults, it can cause discomfort, pain during sexual activity, and difficulty with hygiene, potentially leading to infections.

Causes

Phimosis can be physiological or pathological. Physiological phimosis is normal in young children and typically resolves with age as the foreskin becomes more retractable. Pathological phimosis occurs due to scarring, infection, or inflammation, often from conditions like balanitis (inflammation of the glans) or recurrent infections, and can also result from poor hygiene or forced retraction of the foreskin.

Treatment

Treatment options for phimosis depend on its severity and symptoms. For mild cases, topical corticosteroids applied to the foreskin can reduce inflammation and promote retraction. Regular gentle stretching exercises may also help. In more severe or persistent cases, surgical options like circumcision or preputioplasty (a less invasive procedure to widen the foreskin) may be recommended. Proper hygiene practices are essential in managing and preventing complications.